Lock.



No. 658,955. Patented Oct. 2, |900. A. L. MAGMASTER.

(Application ked lune 15, 1899.) (N0 Modal.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

/mfenzzor Paws no. monxuma, Mmmm n c No. 658,955. Y Patented Oct. 2,|900.

A. L. MAGMASTER.

LOCK.

(Applicacion'mad :une 15, 1899.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 658,955. Patented Get. 2, |900.

A. L. MAcMASTER.

LOCK.

(Application led June 15, 1899.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(lo Model.)l

Ffa.,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ABRAHAM L. MACMASTER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO JACOB C. LEBOSKY AND JESSE COX, OF SAME PLACE.

LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 658,955, dated October2, 1900.

Application filed J' une 15, 1899. SerialNo. 720,720. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, ABRAHAM L. MA'cMAs- TER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city of Chicago, in the countyof Cook and Stateof Illinois, have invented Aa new and useful Improvement in Locks, ofwhich the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to improvements in locks operated by keys; and theobjects of my io invention are, first, to provide means for preventingthe operation of the lock by false keys; second, to provide meanswhereby the bolt when cast is iirmly held in position and cannot bemoved by force exerted directly on i 5 said bolt; third, to provide akey of such construction that it Will be substantially unaffected bywear, and, fourth, to provide the other details hereinafter set forth. Iattain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in 2o the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figures l and 2 are side views of a padlockembodying my invention, the side plate being removed to show the workingparts.

or cast. In Fig. 2 the bow is up and the bolt is retracted. Fig. 3 is atop View of a bolt-v lock embodying my invention, the top plate parts.

and showing various possible forms and arrangements of the teeth orpins. Fig. 5 shows a key adapted to operate my form of lock.

Fig. 6 4is a view of the lower side or face of a portion of the boltadapted for use in the form of lock shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9. Fig. 6also shows the auxiliary slide whereby the bolt may be released from theactuating-segment. Fig. 7 is a face view of the auxiliary slide 4oadapted for use in the form of bolt shown in Figs. 3,- 6, S, and 9. Fig.8 is a topview of the form of lock shown in Fig. 3. The bolt is shownretracted by means of the bolt-actuating segment. Fig. 9 is a top viewof the form of lock shown in Figs. 3 and 8.

bolt is shown retracted by means of the boltspindle.

Similar letters referto similar parts throughout the several views.

I will first describe my invention as applied to a padlock, Figs. l and2.

In Fig. l the bow is down and the bolt is shot` The' ating segment A,pivoted on the arbor B, attached to the side plate A', has a portion aof its periphery concentric with said arbor. Said portion a carries theprojecting teeth or pins d a2 a2.- Said segment A has also the slot a3and the slot or notch a4, the slot a3 being` so placed as to receive thebolt-actuating pin b and the slot a4 so as to receive the retaining-pinc of the detent or dog C when said segment is in position against thestop D on the plate A', as shown in Fig. l. Said segment A tends toassume this position under the pressure of the spring d, bearing againstthe projection d on said segment A. Said spring CZ is pivoted on the pind2, attached to the side plate A', and bears against the pin cl3, alsoattached to said side plate A. Said segment A is preferably constructedin the manner indicated in thev diagram Fig. 4, in which the plates a5as a7 as, consisting of sheet-steel, brass, or other metal, are suitablyfastened together and bear upon their cylindrical peripheries the teethor pins marked 0.9 a9 in said diagram. By thus employing separableplates in the construction of the segments the toothed peripheries ofsaid segments may be varied by varying the order in which the saidplates are superimposed upon each other. By providing a few extra platesand combining them variously composite segments having a great varietyof toothed peripheries may be obtained. By employing teeth of suitableshape the plates a5 d a7 as may be formed by stamping, thus minimizingthe cost of manufacture. The detent C, preferably of sheet metal,consists of an arm C', pivoted on the pin c and havingat its freeextremity the branches c2 and c3. Said branch o2 carries theabove-mentioned pin o, and the branch c3 carries the pin c4, adapted tobear against the segment E. The spring c5, which is pivoted on the pincand is further held in position by the pin c7, bears at its freeextremity against the detent C, giving said detent a tendency toapproach the segment A. Said pins c6 and o7 are attached to the sideplate A. The segment E, pivoted on the arbor E' on the plate A', issimilar in its construction to the segment A, having the pins or teethe' e2 e2 projecting from the cylindrical portion 'e of the periphery ofsaid segments.

IOO

Said portion e is concentric With the arbor E. Said segments A and E arepreferably so relatively placed that their planes of rotation areparallel and the adjacent parts of their circular portions a and e curvein opposite directions. The teeth of one of said segments preferablyalternate with the teeth of the other when said segments are properlyrotated; but said segments are so constructed that neither one of saidsegments can cause the rotation of the other of said segments. Thespring F, which is pivoted upon the pin f', attached to the side plateA', bears against the arbor E' and also bears against the segment Einsuch a manner as to cause said segment to assume a position against thestopf, as shown in Fig. l. The segment E has a portion G of itsperiphery concentric with the arbor E. Said portion G terminates at theslot g in said segment. At the side of the slot g opposite to saidportion G the segment E has an extension or arm g for engaging the pinc4 of the detent C. Said portion G, together With the sides of the slotg, forms a cam-surface Whereon said pin C4 travels. The segments A and Eand the detent C are so constructed and arranged that when the segment Erests against the stopfen the plate A the pin r: of said detent iswithin the slot a* of segment A and the pin c4 of said detent is incontact with the port-ion G of segment W hen the said parts are in thisposition, the motion of said detent is prevented. The slot g is solocated that when the segment E is rotated the arm g engages the pin c4,causing it to enter said slot and operate the detent C in such a manneras to Withdraw the pin c from the slot 0,4 of the segment A, therebyreleasing said segment. The keyway H, formed by the guides h 7L,attached to the side plate A, is of just sufiicient size to receive thekey K without binding it. The position ofsaid keyway is such that saidkey upon entering it will become tangential to the portion e of segmentE and also to the portion ct of segment A. The key K (shown in Fig. 5and indicated in part by dotted lines in Fig. 2) consists of a strip lo,of metal, terminating in the bow or head la and having the slots k2 102and /93 7a3. For convenience of description the slots k2, which are notcircumferentially inclosed, are herein referred to as notches,

and the slots 7c3, circumferentially inclosed,

as perfor-ations. \Vhen the segments A and E are at rest against thestops D and f, respectively, the teeth or shoulders tt and e' of saidsegments liein the keyway H. When .said keyK enters said keyWay, theextremity 7a4 of said key engages said teeth a and e and causes saidsegments to rotate. This brings the teeth a2 a2 and e2 e2 into thekeyway H. The notches c27c2and perforations t37c3 occupy such positionsand are of such configuration as to receive successively and in theirproper order the said teeth 0.2 a2 and e2 e2. Those of the teeth a2 a2and e262 passing adjacently to the lateral edges of the keyway HWhen'the segments are rotated will require notches 7a2 in the key K,While the perfor-ations 7c3 of said key will engage those of said teethwhich pass non-adjacently to said lateral edges. The stop L on the plateA' extends across the key- Way H and forms the inner extremity thereof.The bolt M is provided with an arm m, extending in the direction of theslot 0,3 of the segment A and carrying the pin b. Said pin b is engagedwithin the slot as of the segment A in such a manner that the rotationof said segment causes said bolt M to slide within the guides m m m' m',attached to the plate A. The lip m2 of said bolt forms acatch for thecorresponding lip n of the bow N of the padlock. Said bow N is hinged onthe pin 'n' on the plate A/ and has at its hinged eX- tremity theextension n2, said extension being circular and concentric with said pinn. Said circular extension n2 is so formed upon the bow N that when thebolt M is retracted and said bow is raised said extension n2 assumes aposition behind said bolt M in such a manner as to hold said bolt in aretracted position, as shown in Fig. 2. The spring n3 is pivoted on thepin n4, attached to the side plate A', and is held in proper position bythe pin a5, also attached to the side plate A. Said spring n3 bearsagainst the extension n2 of the boW N in such a manner as to raise saidbow when the bolt M is retracted.

In the operation of the mechanism of said padlock when the segments Aand E are at rest against the stops D and f, respectively, as shown inFig. l, the pin c of the detent C is engaged Within the slot a4 of thesegment A, and said segment is thereby rendered immovable. TheWithdrawal of the detent C from the last-described position is preventedby the pin c4, which bears against the cylindrical portion G of thesegment E. When inserted into the keyway H, the extremity 7a4 of the keyK strikes the tooth e of segment E and causes said segment to rotate insuch a direction that the slot g and arm g thereof approach the pin c4of the detent C; but as the portion G of said segment E is concentricwith the arbor E the motion of the detent C is prevented until the slotg reaches a position opposite to the said pin c4. At this point the armg' engages said pin, thereby causing it to simultaneously enter saidslot and move the detent C on its arbor c' in such a manner as towithdraw the pin c of said detent from the slot a4 of the segment A. Theparts of the mechanism are so correlated that the pin o is not withdrawnfrom said slot a4 untiluimmediately before the entering key K reachesthe tooth a ot' segment A. The said segment is thus released and may berotated by said key. The teeth e2 e2 and a2 a2 enter the path ot' thekey as their respective segments are rotated, and as the keyoccupiessubstan- 'tially the entire cross-section of the keyway H said teethmove laterally into the notches 7a2 and perforations 7c3, provided insaid key. The motion of the key is limited by the stop IIO L. When thesegment A is rotated, as de scribed, the pin b, engaged within the slota2 of said segment A, is moved in such a manner as to retract the bolt Mand withdraw the lip m2 thereof from the lip n of the bow N. When thesaid bow N, thus released, is thrown back by means of the spring 'n.2 orotherwise, as shown in Fig. 2, the circular extension n2 of said bowassumes a position behind the bolt M and holds said bolt in a retractedposition. As the bolt-pin b is securely fastened to the extension m ofthe bolt M and has practically no'lateral play in the slot a3 of thesegment A, said bolt cannot be moved independently of said segment.Therefore when the bolt M is cast it cannot be retracted by a forceexerted directly against said bolt nor against said segment A, nor cansaid segment be released by pressure exerted directly against the detentC. If the key is not employed, the bolt cannot be retracted except bythe extertion of two separate forces acting simultaneously to rotate thesegment l A and E of the mechanism.

I will now describe my invention as applied to a bolt-lock, an exampleof which is shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9 in the drawings. In this lockthere are employed the same segment E, arbor E', stop f, detent C,detent- -arbor c', and detent-spring c5 as in the pad-y lock abovedescribed. The oblong bottom plate 'A2 corresponds to the side plate A'and the spring F' to the spring F in said padlock. Said spring F' ispivoted on the pin f2, attached to the plate A2, and is held in positionby the pin f2, also attached to said plate A2. The segment O in saidbolt-lock corresponds to the segment A in Figs. l and 2-and is pivotedon the arbor B', attached to the bottom plate A2. Saidsegment O hasprojecting from its cylindrical portion o the tooth or shoulder 0' andthe teeth` 02 o2 for engagement with the key K. Said segment O has alsothe slot o3 and the slotor notch o4, the slot 0S being so placed as toreceive the pin p, attached to the slide P, and the slot o4 so as toreceive the pin c of the detent C when said segment is in positionagainst the stop D', attached to the plate A2. The spring d4, held inposition by the pivot d5 on the plate A2 and by the pin d6, also on saidplate, bears against the segment O and tends to hold said segmentagainst said stop D'. The segments O and E and the detent C are soconstructed and arranged that when the segment E rests against the stopf on the-plate A2 the pin c of the said detent is within the slot o4 ofthe 4 segment O and the pin c4 of said detent is in contact with theportion G of the segment E. The keyway H', formed by the guides h' h',attached to the side plate A2, is similar in construction and purpose tothe keywayI-I in Figs. l and 2. When the segments O and E are at restagainst the stops D' and f, respectively, the teeth or shoulders 0' ande' of said segments lie in the keyway H'. The stop L' on the plate A2extends across the inner extremity of the keyway H' and is for thepurpose of limiting the motion of the key K. The bolt M' has its outeror projecting extremity m3 beveled and slides within the guides m4 m4 m4m4, attached to the plate A2. The spring R is pivoted on the pin fr,attached to the plate A2, and is held in position by the pin r', alsoattached to said plate A2. Said spring R bears against the innerextremity m5 of the bolt M' and has a tendency to shoot or cast saidbolt. Said bolt M' has in the lower face thereof an L-shaped chamber orslot S, forming a slideway for the slide P. Said slideway S is soproportioned that said slide P may travel therein a distance equal tothe travel of the bolt M'. Said slide P is also L- shaped and slidesfreely within said slideway P in the direction of motion of the bolt M'.Said slide is provided with the above-mentioned pin p, adapted to beengaged within the slot o3 of the segment O. The said slideway Soccupies such a position in the bolt M' and the slide P is so formedthat when said pin p is engaged within said slot o3, if the segment O isat rest against the stop D' and said bolt M' is cast, then said slidewill lie at the inner extremity s of the slideway S. When `said slidePis free to move in said slideway S, said bolt M' may be forced into thelock Without moving said segment O; but the rotation of said segment ina direction away from the stop D' will retract said bolt. Thisconstruction furnishes the action of the ordinary spring-lock, in whichthe bolt may be forced into the lock either by pressure exerted directlyupon the bolt or by means of the key. The slide P has two indentationsor sockets p' and p2 for receiving the inner extremity of the threaded.spindle T, the socket p2 being nearer the inner extremity p3 of thesaid slide. Said sockets are so placed that the socket p' may receivethe spindle T when said slide is at the inner extremity s of theslideway S, as shown in Figs. 6, and 8, and the socket p2 may receivesaid spindle when said slide P is at the opposite extremity of saidslideway S, as shown in Fig. 9. Said bolt M' has a threaded aperture t,communicating with the slideway S and receiving the threaded spindle T.Said spindleT extends through a slot (not shown) of suitable length inthe lock-casing and has at its outer extremitya milled head t' forconvenience of operation. Said spindle T furnishes means whereby thebolt M' may be movedwhen the slide P is free to move in said slideway S.When said spindle Tis screwed into either of said sockets p or p2 oragainst any portion of the slide P, said slide cannot travel within theslide- Way S in the bolt M', but is fixed relatively to said bolt M'. f

In the said bolt-lock shown in Figs. 3, 8, and 9 the operation of thesegment E `and detent C is the same as the operation of the same partsshown in Figs. l and 2 and the operation of the segment O is similar tothe IOO vextremity of the bolt.

lock properly exerted upon said bolt.

operation of thecorresponding segment A in Figs. 1 and 2. When thesegment O is rotated by means of the key in the manner delto said bolt Mand cause the lretraction of said bolt whether said slide is free tomove in said slideway or not. By screwing the spindle T into the socketp the bolt M and slide P become relatively fixed and said bolt may beretracted by the key, but cannot in any other way be forced into aretracted position. .sired the bolt-operating mechanism may be so setthat the bolt M is immovable as re-rv It will thus be seen that when sodegards a force exterior to the lock or any force applied directly tosaid bolt, but is at the same time operative by means of the key.

This is an important advantage, as locks are often operated byunauthorized persons by prying the bolt-as, for example, in an ordi-.nary spring door-lock, by inserting a tool be-v tween the edge of thedoor and door-casing and pressing said tool against the beveled Suchforcing of the bolt is impossible in a lock employing the mechanismhereinabove described. When,

the spindle T is not in contact with the slide P,Vsaid slide is free tomove in the slideway S, and the bolt M may be retracted independently ofthe segment O either by means of said spindle T or by a force exteriorto the When such reti-acting force is withdrawn, the bolt M is cast bythe spring R, as in the ordinary spring-lock. If the spindle T isscrewed into the socket p2 of the slide P at a time when' the bolt M isretracted and the segment O lies against the stop D', as shown in Fig.9, said bolt will remain in a retracted position.

Referring in general to both forms of locks described and shown, if anattempt be made to insert into the keyway ofthe lock an object notproperly notched and perforated the teeth of the segments will wedgeagainst such object, and their motion and the motion of the enter-g ingobject will be arrested. In order to prevent the insertion of suchobjects, it is preferable to make the key as thin as consistent withnecessary strength and the keyway correspondingly narrow. It ispreferable to have those of the teeth which lie nearest to the teeth eand a' or o enter into the keyway immediately upon the rotation of theirrespective segments. It is also desirable to have the teeth upon thesegments as frequent as may be without unduly weakening the key byreason of the required notches and perforations. By reference tothedrawings it is evident that when the segments are rotated the teethsuccessively app.'oach and recede from the keyway H and that at no one Ytions and notches will remain constant.

4 time are all of said teeth in said keyway.

The teeth e and a or o are the only ones fin such position when the boltis cast, and said teeth are the first to recede from said keyway whenthe segments are rotated. It is evident, therefore, that if a wire couldbe inserted into the keyway in such a manner as to avoid the succeedingteeth, said wire would tend to slip away from the first tooth e' onaccount of said recession and the increasing obliquity of the face ofsaid tooth. This is true also of the tooth a or o. Therefore it isnecessary to engage succeeding teeth of each segment' in order toretract the bolt. When the lock is operated by the key, the teeth of thesegments will make contact with substantially uniform force upon theportions of said perforations and notches lying nearest to the sameextremity of the key. For this reason the wear upon the said portionslying nearest to the same extremity of the key will be uniform, and therespective distances between said portions of said perfor;-

T e key will therefore be substantially unaffected by Wear in so far asits ability to operate said lock is concerned.

It is evident that certain modifications in the form of various parts ofthe lock may be made without departing from my invention. For example,the angular extent of the cylindrical tooth-bearing portions of thesegments may be increased, while the diameter of said cylindricalportions may be decreased until the segments become substantiallycylinders suitably toothed and notched. In such case the lock will bemore compact than when the diameter of the segments is greater. Also,the stops L and L may be omitted to permit the extremity la* of the keyto pass through and beyond the lock. While the detent C shown in thelock is a valuable and novel part thereof, still l do not limit myselfto a lock having such detent. The detent, or both the detent and thedetent-actuating segment, may be altogether omitted and the broadfeatures of my invention still remain.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a key-operated lock, two pivoted segments located upon oppositesides of the keyway thereof, and bearing upon their peripheries teeth orpins for engagement with the key and for preventing the insertion offoreign objects into said lock; in combination with a bolt, slidingwithin suitable guides and operated by one of said segments.

2. In a lock, the combination of a sliding bolt, a toothed pivotedsegment for operating said bolt, a detent for engaging and releasingsaid segment, means for operating said segment, and means for operatingsaid detent.

3. In a key-operated lock having pivoted segments bearing upon theirperiphe'ries pins or teeth for engagement with the key, the combinationof a detent, a cam upon one of TOO said segments for operating saiddetent, and locking parts Operated by the other of said segments.'

4. In a lock Operated by the thrust of a key thereinto, the combinationof a detent forming one of the component parts of said lock, a slidingbolt, pivoted segments whereof one actuates said bolt, and anotheroperates said detent, and means for Operating said segments. y

5. In a key-operated, bolt-actuating mechanism, the combination of asliding bolt; two pivoted segments lying on Opposite sides of the keywayof said mechanism, one of said segments having means for actuating saidbolt and having means for engagement with a detent; a cam upon the otherof said segments whereby said detent may be held in engagement with saidfirst-mentioned segment, unless retracted therefrom by means of saidsecond segment; and teeth or pins upon said segment for engagement withthe operating-key.

6. In a key-operated lock, the combination Of-a bolt; a pivoted segmentfor actuating said bolt; -a detent acting upon said segment;

a second pivoted segment for operating said detent; a keyway tangentialto both said segments at the cylindrical portions thereof, and pins orteeth upon the cylindrical portions of said segments, said pins Or teethentering and receding from said keyway as said segments are rotated.

7. In a key-Operated lock, the combination of a locking-bolt; a pivotedsegment having a toothed cylindrical surface and acting upon said bolt;said segment having a slot therein for receiving a portion of a detent;a pivoted detent having a portion for entering said slot in saidsegment, and another portion for traveling upon the cam-surface of asecond segment, and for entering a slot in said second segment; a secondpivoted segment having a cam-surface to act upon the adjacent arm ofsaid detent; said second segment having a toothed cylindrical surface,and both of said segments being operated by the engagement of the teethof said segments with a key.

ABRAHAM L. MACMASTER.

Witnesses:

JACOB C. LE BOSKY, HOWARD M. COX.

